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70 Cray T3E User’s Guide
PE#2: tid=393218 nproc=3
PE#0: tid=393216 nproc=3
PE#1: tid=393217 nproc=3
PE#0: message=0
PE#2: message=2
PE#1: message=1
7.3.3 Further information about PVM
CSC has published a textbook on PVM in Finnish [Saa95].
The Cray implementation of PVM is described in the publication Message
Passing Toolkit: PVM Programmer’s Manual [Crah].
Some examples of PVM programs are available in the WWW system, see
the address
http://www.csc.fi/programming/examples/pvm/
7.4 Shared Memory Library (SHMEM)
In addition to the standard message-passing libraries MPI and PVM, there
is a package of very fast routines for transferring data between the
local memories of the PEs. The collection of these routines is known as
the Shared Memory Library, usually referred to as the SHMEM library.
SHMEM routines can be used either as an alternative for MPI or PVM or
together with them in the same program.
Examples of the SHMEM routines available on the T3E are listed in Ta-
ble 7.2. For a complete list and manual summary pages give the com-
mand
man intro_shmem
Because of their low-level nature SHMEM routines have minimal over-
head and latency. Thus they offer almost always the fastest way to carry
out operations involving one or several remote memories. The routines
are one-sided, which means that there is no pairing of send and receive
calls as in MPI or PVM, but instead just one call from the PE that reads
from or writes into the memory of another PE.
As a drawback, the programmer must pay special attention to data co-
herence, i.e., that the data actually transferred is also the data that was
meant to be transferred in the first place, or that no relevant data is
overwritten in the remote memory. Furthermore, the programs using
SHMEM routines are not portable to other systems.
To have all the necessary constants and structures at your disposal you
must give an include command at the beginning of the program. For the
- Cray T3E 1
- User’s Guide 1
- Cray T3E User’s Guide 3 3
- Contents 4
- Contents 5 5
- B Glossary 113 6
- Bibliography 118 6
- Index 120 6
- Introduction 7
- 1.2 Usage policy 8
- 1.3 Overview of the system 9
- 1.4 Programming environment 9
- 10 Cray T3E User’s Guide 10
- Chapter 1. Introduction 11 11
- 12 Cray T3E User’s Guide 12
- Using the Cray T3E at CSC 13
- 2.2 Files 14
- 2.3 Editing files 16
- 2.5 Executing in batch mode 17
- 2.6 More information 18
- The Cray T3E system 20
- 3.2 Distributed memory 21
- 3.3 Processing elements 21
- 3.4 Processor architecture 23
- 3.5 Local memory hierarchy 24
- 26 Cray T3E User’s Guide 26
- Processing Element 27
- I/O Controller 27
- Interconnection 27
- Network 27
- 3.9 File systems 28
- 3.10 Resource monitoring 29
- 30 Cray T3E User’s Guide 30
- 3.11 More information 31
- Program development 32
- 4.3.1 BLAS 34
- 4.3.2 LAPACK 34
- 4.3.3 BLACS 35
- 4.3.4 PBLAS and ScaLAPACK 35
- 4.3.5 Details 35
- 36 Cray T3E User’s Guide 36
- 4.6 More information 38
- Fortran programming 40
- 5.2 Basic usage 41
- 5.4 Compiler options 42
- 5.5 Optimization options 42
- 5.6 Optimizing for cache 44
- 5.7 Compiler directives 45
- 5.8 Fortran 90 modules 48
- 5.9 Source code preprocessing 49
- 5.10 More information 51
- C and C++ programming 52
- 6.2 The C compiler 53
- 6.3 Calling Fortran from C 54
- 6.4 C compiler options 55
- #pragma _CRI symmetric var 59
- #pragma _CRI unroll [n] 59
- 6.6 The C++ compiler 61
- 6.7 More information 61
- Interprocess communication 62
- 7.2.1 Format of the MPI calls 63
- 7.2.2 Some MPI routines 64
- 7.2.3 An example of using MPI 64
- 7.2.5 MPI data types 67
- 7.3.1 Using PVM on the T3E 68
- #include <mpp/shmem.h> 71
- INCLUDE ’mpp/shmem.fh’ 71
- 7.4.2 Data addresses 72
- 7.4.4 Reduction routines 74
- 7.4.6 Example of using SHMEM 76
- 78 Cray T3E User’s Guide 78
- 0:c= 10121416 78
- 1:c= 2468 78
- 80 Cray T3E User’s Guide 80
- Batch queuing system 81
- 82 Cray T3E User’s Guide 82
- # QSUB -l p_mpp_t=7000 82
- 8.3 Status of the NQE job 83
- 84 Cray T3E User’s Guide 84
- 8.4 Deleting an NQE batch job 86
- 8.5 Queues 86
- 8.6 More information 87
- Programming tools 88
- 9.2 Program Browser 89
- 9.3 Debugging programs 92
- 9.3.2 Examining core files 93
- 94 Cray T3E User’s Guide 94
- 9.4.1 MPP Apprentice 95
- 9.4.2 The appview command 98
- 9.4.3 PAT 98
- 9.5.1 The VAMPIRtrace library 100
- 102
- 9.5.3 More information 103
- Miscellaneous notes 104
- 10.1.3 The CPU clock timer 105
- 10.1.4 Example of timing 106
- 108 Cray T3E User’s Guide 108
- 10.4 More information 110
- About CSC 111
- 112 Cray T3E User’s Guide 112
- Glossary 113
- 114 Cray T3E User’s Guide 114
- Appendix B. Glossary 115 115
- Metacomputer Environment 116
- Bibliography 118
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